TEL is produced by reacting
chloroethane with a
sodium–
lead alloy.
[7]
4 NaPb + 4 CH3CH2Cl → (CH3CH2)4Pb + 4 NaCl + 3 Pb
TEL is also produced by reacting
Ethylmagnesium Iodide with
Lead chloride.
4C2H5Mg-I + 2PbCl2 → (C2H5)4Pb + Pb + MgICl
The product is recovered by steam distillation, leaving a sludge of lead and sodium chloride. TEL is a
viscous colorless
liquid.
Because TEL is charge neutral and contains an exterior of alkyl groups, it is highly lipophilic and soluble in petrol (gasoline).
Despite decades of research, no reactions were found to improve upon this rather difficult process that involves metallic sodium and converts only 25% of the lead to TEL.
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