Thanks everyone for the input. My girlfriend was able to look at some water pumps on original big block engines and parts cars that haven't been changed from new (with particular focus around 1964-1968) and put together a reasonably confident list of what was available. What we have tentatively found (this will be an ongoing investigation for me to confirm with more examples) is the following:
1958-1960ish: The first Mopar big block water pumps appear to be a 10 blade version for the non-A/C cars and should be casting number 1859250. This style I believe also uses the round face for the fan bolt mounting. I have a '59 DeSoto with a 383, so this is something I'd like to know for that car and ultimately rebuild a correct core as a spare for road trips. That car is more of a driver though, so I haven't been quite as worried about the numbers up to this point, nor has it required a replacement or rebuild in the time I have owned it.
1961ish-1964: The second iteration of this pump has a casting number of 2402921. The same casting number was used for A/C and non-A/C cars with a difference in blade count. Somewhere around this time was the change from 10 blades to 8 for non-A/C cars (A/C cars remain at 6). However, the shop manuals appear to not have been updated to match, so my '66 manual continues specifying a 10 blade pump.
1964-1971ish: The third iteration of this pump has a casting number of 2843290. This is what I need for the Fury and I have located a date-correct core for rebuild. This is the same as above regarding the number of blades and a shared casting A/C to non-A/C. This has a "cross" style for the fan bolt mounting surface.
1972ish-1978: The fourth and last iteration of this pump has a casting number of 3671083. With this iteration also changed the shape of the casting from the previous style, which was flat with a snout in the middle, to more of a cone shape.
And yes, I realize this is a lot of work for something that I can't see on the car behind the fan pulley. I figure if I am going to locate and rebuild a pump, it might as well be the correct one for a car that is this much of a survivor.