What
@Big_John said, PLUS, unless the extra thinner rubber piece is the "universal" one you refer to, that extra donut of rubber is NOT required, as far as I know.
Check that the lower shaft is pushed into the pot metal rectangular box as far as it can go - it may take a gentle tap with a rubber mallet to get it to go in. It is designed to slide in and out of that pot metal box to allow for some movement and adjustment. As well, as
@Big_John described, the entire steering column and wheel is held to the bottom of the dash with a bracket - there is some adjustibility there.
Do NOT push or pry up on the lower stub coming out of the column - you can damage the lower column bearing. Loosen the column under the dash and pull the column UP from the wheel.
Don't forget that your horn grounds through that column connector, so there should be a wire or spring going from an upper bolt to a lower bolt. Otherwise, no horn circuit.