Alright. Finally got off my lazy *** and swapped out the barbs. Luckily for me the outlet hose side (the one closer to the front of the car) was able to be removed without having to remove the entire hex extension thingy. The barb threads are indeed 3/8" NPT.
For any aussies here, Bunnings has some pretty cheap thread sealant, Boston thread sealant 50 mL for just $7.50 as of this post. Loctite 243 can be got from there too but it's $12.40 for 10 mL.
Before and after:
Removing the alternator and its brackets gives a lot more room to work with and in fact I doubt you'd be able to replace the barbs at all without doing that first. the barb for the heater outlet hose (front of engine) was pretty hard to break loose, I had to wedge a wrench against the water outlet housing to stop the hex extension bit thingy from turning as well, you can see it in the first pic. Once I got it off, it seemed like just two or three threads were actually engaged, there were deposits/scaling on the rest of the thread inside that extension bit as well as a small amount inside the barb. I didn't bother cleaning the extension out and just stuck the new barb on it with sealant. The inlet barb was much easier to remove, and I suspect it had been replaced at some point as it looked different compared to the outlet barb. With the new barbs, I just tightened them till they gave more resistance than usual while turning the wrench.
Inlet barb on left, outlet on right:
I think I mentioned it before but somehow the heater core was still fully sealed, so I just filled it up with demineralised water and called it a day. Hopefully within this week, I finally get around to the 4 bbl conversion...