You can download a Chrysler factory service manual from
www.mymopar.com . There might not be a listing for your model year, but the latest one in their list will work.
The earlier cruise control transducers had two little Allen head set screws on the housing. One was for the "set" function, for when you punch the button on the end of the turn signal stalk to initiate things. The other one was for "cut-in" functions, as to how far the speed would drop before the cruise would seek to initiate actions to return to the set speed. As in drop more than 2mph. Later versions deleted the "set" adjustment, I believe, leaving only the "cut-in" adjustment screw. Other than some cosmetics, that is the only difference I know of between the earlier "'68 model year" and "later" versions.
Which ever adj screw is left, make then adjustments in small increments to see how functions might be affected. Progress from there. Worst case scenario is that a rebuilt transducer might be needed. Perhaps yours might need a new diaphram or "cleaning" to make it right again? Otherwise, the might be some internal electrical contacts that have become grungy?
What apparently seems to be happening is, for some reason, the unit perceives the brake pedal switch has been tripped, then the "Resume" function happens, which results in the fast acceleration to get back to the originally-set cruising speed as quickly as possible (within the allowable accel pedal linkage movement). So you might check the brake switch adjustment/switch to see if something might be kicking it off. Yet then what is triggering the "Resume" function?
Then you can inspect the wiring in the steering column, by unplugging the connector near the base of the steering column and checking for continuity of the switch's wiring. Might be a chafed wire in that harness?
To further inspect the harness, you'd need to remove the steering wheel and probably the lock plate to get access to the mounting screw of the turn signal handle to the turn signal switch. Then tie a piece of small wire around the harness connector, rotate the end of the connector, and then gently pull it to the top for inspection. Then reverse to pull it back down the column to plug it back into the body harness.
Just some thoughts,
CBODY67