Dylan. you got the basic stuff right! Congratulations. Advice from a fellow who rewired significant portions of his 66 Chrysler:
1. Go 2 AWG numbers heavier with all the key conductors. Where you had #10 AWG for the alternator charging and the main feed from the battery to the starter stud, go with #8 AWG. I also ran my headlights in #10 AWG and good Tycho-Bosch 40A contactors, fed by the OLD HEADLIGHT WIRING, which was done in #16 AWG.
2. Use LEDs for all the lights behind the headlights. They use only 1/10th as much current for the same luminous output. I even added a brake light bar in the center rear top window, feeding it from the brake light switch leg on the rear drivers side. I recently added small 3 LED ribbons in amber immediately below the turn signal indicators on the front fenders. These make it visible to traffic approaching from the side you're turning into, thus informing them of your intent. Use Philips LED bulbs for the tail/brake lights. They're US DOT accepted, unlike all the sino-sewage pumped over here. I did very well with the license plate light with an admittedly asiatic bulb got through superbrightleds.com It works beautifully, though its so bright I had to tape most of the old lens over in aluminum foil tape to avoid blinding drivers behind me. LEDs WORK WELL NOW!
3. Grounding/bonding jumpers back to the negative battery terminal help assure GOOD CURRENT FLOW and AVOID DAMAGING PARTS! Run at least some #12 AWG from the battery, lugging to the front radiator support near the headlights and horns, and connect these directly to the jumper as well as the steel sheet body, which may be rusted to a degree that prevents decent current flow. This eliminates worry on that score! Run a bond along the top of the engine, on the intake, picking up the coil/distributor stuff, then the wipers, heater/defrost/AC blowers and such as you bond to the firewall. Then run under the car to pick up the gas tank sending unit, tail lights, reverse lights et al. After 55 yrs, all this stuff will at best be just barely bonded to the body by the original terminals and small wires used. Your bonding jumper will permit you to keep a lot of the old wiring in the back, so long as your grounds go to the jumper as well as the aged sheetmetal.
4. The original fuseblock may also suffer from serious corrosion and contact issues too. There IS a fellow on eBay who sells new contacts for these old blocks if you need this, or you can try cleaning up stuff yourself. Use a fine steel wire "toothbrush" and some emery boards. If the contacts haven't utterly corroded, this should work. I try to retain the old glass AGC/SFE type fuses, as these were designed and regulated by serious minded folks. The modern stuff is cheap in every sense of the word.
Good luck! Buzz me if you need further details.