1970FuryConv
Old Man with a Hat
In addition, the Reagan administration allowed leveraged buyouts, LBOs, where companies could be bought using significantly more debt than previously allowed. The theory was that the additional debt would create additional financial discipline. However, debt is debt. If you have a massive amount of it, you have to cut costs significantly to meet it or go into bankruptcy. That meant moving jobs offshore or to Mexico to save money to pay the debt. In many cases, these LBOs did cause the companies to go bankrupt and the investors who picked up the remnants moved the manufacturing jobs overseas to keep the company afloat.The genesis of this situation goes back to the Reagan administration. Prior to that, anti-trust laws were administered by considering citizens as workers, entrepreneurs, business owners, as well as consumers. Companies could be broken-up or mergers denied based on those metrics. Under the Reagan administration and afterwards, citizens are primarily treated as CONSUMERS only. Company mergers are generally allowed if they can successfully show that there would be a benefit to consumers.
This ultimately led to the current situation in many types of business where there is a small group of dominating businesses which are operating in a monopolistic fashion, and have extensive government lobbying powers. e.g. BIG pharma, BIG oil, airlines, telcos, etc. Their lobbying efforts are steering lawmaking, not necessarily what is best for consumers.
When I went to business school, a case study was Anchor Hocking Glass which ended up shutting down US manufacturing and being taken over by Mexican investor after bankruptcy following an LBO. The process was this: the highly leveraged private buyers buy out the company. They leave it private for a little while and supposedly think through and fix issues. Then there would be a much trumpeted public offering of stock, after which profits would not meet expectations due to debt, then stock values would plunge, then the company would either be bankrupt or new management would be brought in, and manufacturing moved overseas and staff cut to keep the company in existence. William Simon, Reagan's secretary of the treasury, made a lot of money this way. David Stockman his budget director may also have. A few people on Wall Street made a lot of $ thru LBOs, while middle america lost out big time.