Sounds magical but actually just Ohm's Law at work.
The ignition coil is basically a transformer where a current pulse in the primary coil will induce a very large output pulse in the secondary coil. This high voltage pulse is routed to the spark plugs by the distributor. The distributor also chops the voltage to the primary winding to closely control the timing of the secondary pulse. If the primary of the coil always gets 12v then every time the points close, a current spike is generated equal to the voltage divided by the coil resistance. The coil resistance is fixed and fairly low so the current draw will be quite high, but remember the current is pulsed by the points. All is well and fine until the engine is run at high rpms, the pulses coming so fast the current doesn't get a chance to fall to zero between pulses . This generates a bunch of heat and will quickly cook the coil. A worse problem, stall the engine such that the points are closed and the low resistance coil gets a constant 12v. This will generate a high current that will fry the coil.
To solve this high current problem, a current limiter or ballast resistor is required. This resistor is low ohm wire wound mounted in heat sink and bolted to the firewall to quickly dissipate heat. The ballast is wired in series with the coil, so current flowing through the circuit will generate a volt drop across the ballast according to V=IxR. This means the higher the coil current (I) the higher the ballast voltage drop, which means the voltage to the coil drops which reduces the current and the heat produced. This interaction shows how the resistor limits the current and acts a ballast, hence the name.
In order to maximize the current and spark during engine start up, the ignition switch routes start voltage directly to the coil and to the ballast resistor in the Run position.
So at high rpm the coil current tends to increase, but is limited as the ballast resistor drops more ignition voltage. I forget th numbers, but the ballast resistor is around 1 ohm and at highway speeds the coil only gets around 8 volts. In a stalled engine/closed points situation, the ballast will drop nearly half the voltage, so the coil can only see about 6v. The coil will still get hot but will take much longer to fail.
So, all points/coil engines must have a ballast resistor and it must be bolted to the firewall so that it can dissipate the heat. Electronic ignitions are a different can of worms and dpending upon their design may or may not require a current limiter.
Wow, end of ohm's law 101. It's been 46 years since I got my EE degree and am amazed how much of this stuff has actually stuck.